21.
In qualitative research paradigm, which of
the following features may be considered critical?
(A) Data
collection with standardised research tools.
(B) Sampling
design with probability sample techniques.
(C) Data
collection with bottom-up empirical evidences.
(D) Data
gathering to take with top-down systematic evidences.
Answer: C
22. From
the following list of statements identify the set which has negative implications
for ‘research ethics’ :
(i) A
researcher critically looks at the findings of another research.
(ii) Related
studies are cited without proper references.
(iii) Research
findings are made the basis for policy making.
(iv) Conduct
of practitioner is screened in terms of reported research evidences.
(v) A
research study is replicated with a view to verify the evidences from other
researches.
(vi) Both
policy making and policy implementing processes are regulated in terms of
preliminary studies.
Codes:
(A) (i), (ii)
and (iii) (B) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(C) (ii), (iv)
and (vi) (D) (i), (iii) and (v)
Answer: C
23. In
a research on the effect of child-rearing practices on stress-proneness of
children in competing school projects, the hypothesis formulated is that ‘child
rearing practices do influence stress-proneness’. At the data-analysis stage a
null hypothesis is advanced to find out the tenability of research hypothesis.
On the basis of the evidence available, the null hypothesis is rejected at 0.01
level of significance. What decision may be warranted in respect of the
research hypothesis?
(A) The
research hypothesis will also be rejected.
(B) The
research hypothesis will be accepted.
(C) Both the
research hypothesis and the null hypothesis will be rejected.
(D) No
decision can be taken in respect of the research hypothesis.
Answer: B
24. A
research intends to explore the effect of possible factors for the organization
of effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most
appropriate for this study?
(A) Historical
method (B) Descriptive survey
method
(C) Experimental
method (D) Ex-post-facto method
Answer: D
25. Which
of the following is an initial mandatory requirement for pursuing research?
(A) Developing
a research design
(B) Formulating
a research question
(C) Deciding
about the data analysis procedure
(D) Formulating
a research hypothesis
Answer: B
26. The
format of thesis writing is the same as in
(A) preparation
of a research paper/article
(B) writing
of seminar presentation
(C) a
research dissertation
(D) presenting
a workshop/conference paper
Answer: C
Read
the following passage carefully and answer question numbers from 27 to 32:
In terms of labour, for decades the
relatively low cost and high quality of Japanese workers conferred considerable
competitive advantage across numerous durable goods and consumer-electronics
industries (eg. Machinery, automobiles, televisions, radios). Then labour-based
advantages shifted to South Korea, then to Malaysia, Mexico and other nations.
Today, China appears to be capitalizing best on the basic of labour, Japanese
firms still remain competitive in markets for such durable goods, electronics
and other products, but the labour force is no longer sufficient for
competitive advantage over manufacturers in other industrializing nations. Such
shifting of labour-based advantage is clearly not limited to manufacturing
industries. Today a huge number of IT and service jobs are moving from Europe
and North America to India, Singapore, and like countries with relatively
well-educated, low-cost workforces possessing technical skills. However, as
educational levels and technical skills continue to rise in other countries,
India, Singapore and like nations enjoying labour-based competitive advantage
today are likely to find such advantage cannot be sustained through emergence
of new competitors.
In terms of capital, for centuries the days
of gold coin and later even paper money restricted financial flows.
Subsequently regional concentrations were formed where large banks, industries
and markets coalesced. But today capital flows internationally at rapid speed.
Global commerce no longer requires regional interactions among business
players. Regional capital concentrations in places such as New York, London and
Tokyo still persist, of course, but the capital concentrated there is no longer
sufficient for competitive advantage over other capitalists distributed
worldwide. Only if an organization is able to combine, integrate and apply its
resources (eg. Land, labour, capital, IT) in an effective manner that is not
readily imitable by competitors can such an organization enjoy competitive
advantage sustainable overtime.
In a knowledge-based theory of the firm, this
idea is extended to view organizational knowledge as resource with atleast the
same level of power and importance as the traditional economic inputs. An
organization with superior knowledge can achieve competitive advantage in
markets that appreciate the application of such knowledge. Semiconductors,
genetic engineering, pharmaceuticals, software, military warfare, and like
knowledge-intensive competitive arenas provide both time-proven and current
examples. Consider semiconductors (e. g. computer chips), which are made
principally of sand and common metals, these ubiquitous and powerful
electronics devices are designed within common office buildings, using
commercially available tools, and fabricated within factories in many
industrialized nations. Hence, land is not the key competitive recourse in the
semiconductor industry.
Based
on the passage answer the following questions:
27. What
is required to ensure competitive advantages in specific markets?
(A) Access
to capital (B) Common office
buildings
(C) Superior
knowledge (D) Common metals
Answer: C
28. The
passage also mentions about the trend of
(A) Global
financial flow
(B) Absence
of competition in manufacturing industry
(C)
Regionalisation of capitalists
(D) Organizational
incompatibility
Answer: A
29. What
does the author lay stress on in the passage?
(A) International
commerce (B) Labour-Intensive
industries
(C) Capital
resource management (D) Knowledge-driven
competitive advantage
Answer: D
30. Which
country enjoyed competitive advantages in automobile industry for decades?
(A) South
Korea (B) Japan
(C) Mexico (D) Malaysia
Answer: B
31. Why
labour-based competitive advantages of India and Singapore cannot be sustained
in IT and service sectors?
(A) Due to
diminishing levels of skill.
(B) Due to
capital-intensive technology making inroads.
(C) Because
of new competitors.
(D) Because
of shifting of labour-based advantage in manufacturing industries.
Answer: C
32. How
can an organization enjoy competitive advantage sustainable overtime?
(A) Through
regional capital flows.
(B) Through
regional interactions among business players.
(C) By
making large banks, industries and markets coalesced.
(D) By
effective use of various instrumentalities.
Answer: D
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